5 Most Common Diseaes Of Teeth Affecting Oral Health

5 Most Common Diseases Of Teeth Affecting Oral Health

 The WHO has defined oral health as 

‘a standard of the

oral and related tissues which enables an individual to eat,

speak and socialise without active disease, discomfort 

or embarrassment and which contributes to general 

well-being’https://www.who.int/

Oral health includes healthy and sound teeth and healthy soft and hard tissues of oral cavity.

Oral health is window  of general health of someone. Regular cleaning of teeth, healthy diet and avoiding unhealthily habits are key to maintain oral health.there are numbers of factors that influence oral health 

 1: irregular or bad brushing habits  ,its not only include not doing brush daily but also wrong technique of brushing 

 2: sugary diet

 3: frequent consumption of acidic beverages / foods

 4: tobacco 

 5:  beetle nuts chewing 

 6: unhealthy eating habits (irregular timing of meals, more refined foods, soft diets )

 7: hereditary factors 

 8: social status https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/sugars-and-dental-caries#:~:text=Dental%20caries%20(also%20known%20as,may%20result%20in%20tooth%20extraction.

Bad oral hygiene leads to diseases of oral cavity

dental caries 

is most common and highly affecting quality of life, it causes severe pain,difficulty in chewing and eating, may lead to loss of tooth, uneasthetic appearance and traumatic effects on social life.

In children its effects are more dangerous as due to difficulty in eating may affect their growth, especially jaw growth which inturn develop orthodontic problems like overcrowded, irregular  teeth.

Now a days  bottlefeeding caries and rampant caries are very common,youg age caries leading to mandibular 1st molar loss most frequently is an alarming state, it needs  especial attention to educate parents that how to prevent dental caries in their kids.for this social media can play a good roll,numbers of sites  are available on Google to guide parents and patient,one of them is

https://www.onlinewithdental.com/2021/03/oral-health.html

Gingivitis and periodontist 

 This disease of gums due to poor oral hygiene causes swelling of gums,pain and bleeding of gums is also very common especially in developing countries, if it remains untreated leads to loss of teeth and also bone of ridges which further causes difficulties in replacement of artificial  teeth.

Oral cancers 

These are mostly cauesed by tobacco and beetlenuts chewing and included in 15 most commonly occurring cancers of body.

Dental and facial traumas 

Trauma to teeth and face is painful condition leading to affect overall health. these are mainly occur due to road traffic accidents or sports injury.

Mouth sores and ulcers

There are many types and causes of mouth sores. Mouth sores may be caused by an infection, a bodywide (systemic) disease, a physical or chemical irritant, or an allergic reaction . Often the cause is unknown. 

The most common specific causes of mouth sores are

• Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (canker sores)

• Viral infections (particularly herpes simplex and herpes zoster)

• Other infections (caused by fungi or bacteria)

• Injury or irritating food or chemicals

• Tobacco use

• Drugs (particularly chemotherapy drugs) and radiation therapy

• Systemic disorders

Some madical conditions show their early signs and symptoms in mouth 

Oral signs are frequently the first manifestation of autoimmune diseases. For this reason, dentists play an important role in the detection of emerging autoimmune pathologies. Indeed, an early diagnosis can play a decisive role in improving the quality of treatment strategies as well as quality of life. 

 Examples are lupus erythematosus, Sjögren syndrome, pemphigus vulgaris, mucous membrane pemphigoid, and Behcet disease .

The relationship between oral and general health has been increasingly recognised during the past two decades. Several epidemiological studies have linked poor oral health with cardiovascular disease, poor glycaemic control in diabetics, low birth-weight pre-term babies, and a number of other conditions, including rheumatoid arthritis and osteoporosis. Oral infections are also recognised as a problem for individuals suffering from a range of chronic conditions, including cancer and infection with human immunodeficiency virus, as well as patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia. 

     To improve oral health and educate people for healthy and happier life World Oral Health Day is observed annually on 20 March since 2013 and launches a year-long campaign dedicated to raising global awareness of the issues around oral health and the importance of oral hygiene so that governments, health associations and the general public can work together for this purpose.

How Fascinating is this Way to Access opening of mandibular first molar

Lower mandibular 1st molar is the tooth that erupts in oral cavity at age of 6 years while all deciduous teeth are present in mouth.

Parents and kids normally don't  acknowledge presence of 1st permanent toot and brushing habits are not properly developed at this,thats why developing caries in this tooth is more common. 

           To save tooth root canal treatment is done.

access cavity is the 1st step of RCT(root canal treatment).following are the important features of tooth to be known for preparation of access opening. 

 1: mandibular first molar has two roots ,mesial root and distal root 

Mesial root 

 2 canals and 1 foramen - 40.5% 

2 canals and 2 foramina - 59.5% 

In Distal root

1 canal and 1 foramen - 71.1% 

2 canals and 1 foramen - 17.8% 

2 canals and 2 foramina - 11.1% 

Length of root canal 

M - 20.9 mm 

D - 20.9 mmv

Steps for access 

1. Initial penetration is made with a high speed diamond bur in the exact centre of the mesial pit, with 

the bur directed toward the distal

2. Once the 'drop' into the pulp chamber is felt, change to the endo-Z bur and enlarge this for 

exploration

3. Locate with endodontic explorer orifices of MB, ML and D canals (tension of explorer against the 

walls of preparation indicates the amount and

direction of extension necessary, so remove further 

tissue with endo-Z)

4. Use from inside to outside a round slow speed bur to ensure complete removal of the roof of the 

pulp chamber

5. Final prep extends to the height of mesial cusps, explore carefully the presence of a 2nd distal canal, 

if this is the case, the access will be square in shape; otherwise if 3 canals are present access shape 

is more triangular, with its base toward the mesial side of the tooth

A Comprehensive Guideline,How complete Dentures Are Made

 For fabricating complete denture there are 27 steps starting from patient selection and diagnosis up to insertion of complete denture into patient mouth and follow.there are many steps including clinical as well as laboratory proceduresfollowing each other in a specific order. 

Starting from clinical procedures 

Clinical procedures 

1: diagnosis and treatment plan 

2: mouth prereration

3: tray selection

4: primary or initial impression 

             

           Next are lab procedures

                               Lab procedure

                               5: making primary  cast or model

                               6: spacer

                               7: special tray

               

             Lets move to clinical side

Clinical procedure

   8:  border moulding 

   9:  secondary or final impression 

                   

                  

               Again its time to move towards lab

                                 Lab procedure

                                 10: secondary  or master  cast

                                 11:  denture base

                                 12: occlusal rim

 

                  

              Lets move to clinical side

  Clinical procedure 

   13: taking bite or jaw relation

   14: teeth selection( shade selection)

               Now it turn of lab procedures 

                                  Lab procedure 

15: articulation of cast    

 

                              16 : arrangement of teeth 

                                         according to jaw relation

                Again call patient in clinic and go for clinical  procedures 

Clinical procedures

17: tyr in( checking of teeth  arrangement  in 

       Patient mouth )

     

                      Next are lab procedures 

    

                                  Lab procedures 

                               18: dearticulation oe demounting

                                     of cast

                               19: waxing

                               20: flasking

                               21: dewaxing

     

                         22: packing and curing

                               23: deflasking

                               24: finishing and polishing 

                   Final step will be clinical 

Clinical procedure 

25: denture delivery to patient or 

       Insertion of denture in Patient mouth

26: instructions for Patient 

27:follow up

                          

                                   

Infection prevention and control

 

Why Teeth Appear Yellow And How To Whiten Your Teeth

Smile affects personality of human beings. For beautiful smile well aligned and white teeth are key factors.   

Sometimes teeth become discoloured  and need treatment 

   Reasons of discolouration 

There are many caustive factors of tooth discoloration. So discolorations are classified as

1: extrinsic discoloration 

2: intrinsic  discoloration 

3: combination of both 

   Extrinsic  discoloration 

Causes of  extrinsic  discolorations are as follows and easy to treat.

 

   - foods 

   - beverages 

   - tobacco use

   - plaque

    - gingival hemorrhage 

    - poor oral hygiene 

     - swimmer's calculus

     - cholorhexidine

     - metallic stains

    Intrinsic discoloration 

Eteology of extrinsic discoloration are 

Pre eruptive cause

------------------------------

 1 : Alkaptonuria

 2 : hemotological disorders

       ( erythrblastosis fetalis, sickle cell anemia, congenital porphyria)

  3 :   liver diseases 

  4 :  diseases of enamel and dentin like

          Amelogenisis imperfecta 

          Dentinogenesis imperfecta 

          Hyperbilirubinimia

          Child hood diseases 

         Malnutrition 

    5 : florosis 

    6 : tetracycline and other antibiotic stains

Post erupting causes

---------------------------------

       1: pulp changes

       2: dental trauma

       3 : dentin hypercalcification

       4 : dental caries

       5 : functional and parafunctional       

             changes 

       6 : aging

       7 : restorative materials and dental 

            procedures 

  Treatment

There are different treatment options 

1: scaling and polishing

2: whitening toothpastes and mouthwashes 

3: bleaching 

4: composite veneers 

5: porcelain veneers 

Bleaching 

Bleaching is a procdure  which involves lightening of colour of the tooth through application of a chemical agent to oxidaze organic pigmentation present in

+"bleaching kit"

"Bleaching unit"+

Covid-19 pandemic and dentistry

 Corona virus has transmitted  throughout the world.It is quickly spreading virus affecting large population  of world. In most cases disease is mild to moderate but in severe cases it becomes  deadly. 

As a very famous idiom 

"PREVENTION IS BETTER THAN CURE "

Is hundred percent true in this pandemic of covid.

This disease spread through air borne droplets and sticking  it to hands and surfaces of different object, social distancing, gloves masks and washing hands are basic protocols for protection. 

Dental surgery

Dental surgeon  and staff are at greater risk as procedures have to perform in oral cavity  of patient, the major source of virus spread.

Dental offices and surgeries are needed proper  protocols to follow.  

Protocols  in dental surgery 

Dentist  and all staff should be educated and well trained about protocols and preventive measures against coronavirus. 

Teledentistry

Treatment of patient through telefonic contact.in case where minor symptoms can be managed with medicines and home remedies, reassurance of patient and lateron appointment should be recommended. 

      If physical checkups and procedures are necessary these protocols are followed 

1-before arrival of patient 

 : Appointment of patient on call should be made  with exact timings. 

: Ask patient to wait in car instead of waiting room.

:Educate regarding of visit rules and etiquette

 : Recommendation of  mask(not for those having breathing difficulty or unconscious)

:  limits entry points of clinic. 

:  space appointments to minimize  number of persons in clinic at any time

: hand washing and gloves wearing instructions 

 2 On arrival 

Written instructions on panaflex  and chats should be on prominent view.

Make sure of washing and sanitizing of hands before entering reception. 

screening for coronavirus

: by taking temperature with infrared or noncontact thermometer .

: take history travelling of risk areas 

: any complaint of coughing and sneezing. 

: history of to come in contact with coronavirus patient. 

    If suspected for this viral infection send to infection control department. 

3 -When with doctor 

: 1 patient at a time with no attendant.

: doctor /dentist  and assistan should  wear 

     PPE.

: treatment should be restricted to necessary    procedure .

: try to avoid  aerosol producing procedure       like scaling  and cavity preparation with.       handpiece etc.

: heavy suction,rubber dam isolation must         be used.

: disposable items should be used whenever     possible and appropriately discarded.

: advice patient to wash hand and wear   mask again before leaving clinic. 

4 - after leaving patient 

 : Dental unit will be clear and clean               properly

: disinfect  dental chair and all equipments      used .

: operatry room should be disinfected with       spray.

: gloves removed  and handwash with soap       for atleast 30 second .

 Dental emergencies 

Dental emergencies may be life threatening and need immediate treatment to stop ongoing tissue bleeding, to alliviate pain and control infection .

 These include

 :  Uncontrolled  bleeding

  : Cellulitis or soft tissue infection with intra      oral or extra oral  swelling  that                        potentially  compromise the patient                  airway. 

 : trauma to facial bones compromising       airway. 

 Urgent dental care 

Focuses on the management of conditions that require immidiate attention to relieve severe pain and controll  infection.these should be treated as minimally invasive as possible .

 : Severe dental pain by pulpitis

 : Pericoronitis and impaction 

 : abscess  or sinus fromation due to dental        and gingival  infection.

 : biopsy of abnormal tissue 

 : tooth fracture causing pain 

 : broken restorations  are causing gingival       irritation 

 : snipping or piercing orthodontic wires     causing ulceration of soft tissue. 

  : denture adjustment on radiology/     onchology patient.

 : suture removal.