Easy discription of anatomy of upper limb

Upper limb is divided into 3 regions

1:Arm-located between shoulder and elbow joint

2: Forearm-locared between elbow and wrist joint

3:Hand-located distal to wrist

   

      " Humerus"

         Is a long bone of upper arm which

extend from shoulder to elbow.

 It proximally articulate with glenoid fossa of scapula and form a joint glenohumeral joint.

 It distaly atriculates with head of radius and trochlear notch of  ulna forming elbow joint.

Humerus bone of upper arm

        "  Ulna"
    It is the medial bone of the forearm,it runs perallel to radius bone.
 The c shaped proximal end of ulna forms trochlear notch and articulates with trochlea of humerus as part of elbow joint.
 The inferior margin of trchlear notch is coronoid process of ulna.just below this on anterior ulna is tuberosity of ulna.radial notch of ulna is lateral and slight inferior to the trochlear notch and is sight of articulation of proximal ulna and radius,this joint is called proximal radioulnar joint.
Distally is shaft of ulna.ridge like lateral boder of shaft forms interossius boder of ulna where interossius memebrane is attached for union of radius and ulna.the small round distal end is head of ulna.a small bony projection from posterior side of ulner head is styloid process of ulna.

   "Radius"
     It runs perallel to lerarel side (towards thumb ) of ulna.
 At proximal end of radius is disc shaped head.the small depression on head articulates with capitulum of humerus as part of elbow joint.the smooth outer margin of head articulate with radial notch of ulna to form radioulnar joint.below head is neck of radius.inferior to neck on medial side is a bony projection called radial tuberosity.the shaft of radius has a small ridge alon its medial side to form interosseous border.distal end of radius has smooth surface to articulate with two carpal bones and form radiocarpel joint,also known as wrist joint.on medial side of distal radius is shallow ulnar notch wich articulate with heah of ulna to form distal radioulnar joint.the lateral end of radius is bony projection called styloid process of radius.

"Carpal bones"

The wrist and base of hand is made by 8 small bones called carpal bones.these are arranged in 2 rows ,4 in proximal and 4 in 

Distal row.the bones in proximal rows are(from thumb side) scaphoid(boat shaped),lunate (moon shaped),triquetrum(three corners) and pisiform(pea shaped).

Distal row bones are(from lateral to medium) trapezium(table ),trapezoid(resemble a table),capitate (head shaped)and hamate(hooked).

"Metacarpal bones"

The palm of hand consist of 5 elongated bones called metacarpal bones. the proximal end of each metacarpal bone articulates with carpal bone forming  carpometacarpapl joint. Distal end of each metacarpal bone articulates with proximal end of phalanx bone of fingers and thumb forming metacarpophalangeal joint.

"Phalanx bones"

The fingers and thumb contains 14 bones called phalanx bone (plural phalanges).thumb (pollex)has 2 phalanges proximal and distal phalanx. Fingers have3 phalanges each,proximal,middle and distal phalanx.the articulation point of phalanges is called interphalangeal joint